Group A Streptococcus is well established as the most common pathogen causing necrotizing fasciitis. In contrast, Group B Streptococcus (GBS, or Streptococcus agalactiae) is a rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis, particularly in adults. We present the case of a patient who developed a fulminant case of GBS necrotizing fasciitis on a backdrop of a previously undiagnosed malignancy, and review the relevant literature. © 2019 The Author(s).Background We would like to raise awareness about the toxicities related to the added excipients present in the oral solution of Liponavir/ritonavir in particular alcohol and propylene glycol. Case presentation In this case report, we describe an 18 month-old child with a newly diagnosed HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART). She developed shortly after starting the ART unsteady gait and imbalance. Conclusions The excipient-excipient interaction in Lopinavir/ritonavir may contribute to major toxicities not only in premature neonates and infants; but also in older children specifically from Asian ethnicity. © 2019 The Author(s).Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative bacillus that most commonly causes self-limited diarrhea in humans. Extraintestinal manifestations of P. shigelloides, including skin and soft tissue infections, are extremely uncommon. We present a case of severe cellulitis and bacteremia in an 80-year-old female caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides following a traumatic freshwater injury in Michigan, USA. © 2019 The Authors.Chondral defects of the acetabulum in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are an increasingly recognized cause of worse outcomes after treatment. Multiple procedures have been described for the treatment of hip cartilage lesions including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, and autograft and allograft transplantation. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mrtx0902.html However, many of these techniques have poor long-term outcomes, require multiple surgical procedures, or rely on planned preoperative identification of the chondral lesion. This Technical Note describes our technique of autologous matrix-enhanced chondral transplantation, a single-stage treatment for acetabular cartilage lesions that harvests chondral tissue from the femoral cam deformity and combines it with chondral extracellular matrix, growth factors, and autologous peripheral blood. © 2020 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier.The outside-in, percutaneous release of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is a technique used to increase the medial tibiofemoral joint space during arthroscopy to facilitate the use of instrumentation and improve visualization without causing iatrogenic cartilage damage. A recent systematic review of the literature has shown this technique to be efficacious and safe, with no evidence of associated short- or long-term complications. This technique has been used for this indication by the senior author without requiring any deviation from our institution's standard protocol for knee arthroscopy. In an attempt to standardize this technique's utilization and allow for further evaluation in the literature, the senior author's method for this percutaneous, outside-in approach of "pie crusting" the MCL is described. © 2020 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier.Arthroscopic elbow surgery can be difficult due to the highly congruent nature of the joint and the surrounding neurovascular and ligamentous structures at risk. In a patient with valgus extension overload, posterior medial olecranon osteophytes must be removed safely to restore range of motion and alleviate pain. Arthroscopic burrs and shavers create significant debris, therefore limiting visualization, and their use has inherent risks to the surrounding structures that need to be preserved. Small, handheld osteotomes can facilitate the safe and efficient removal of these posterior medial osteophytes while preserving normal bone and articular cartilage. © 2020 Published by Elsevier on behalf of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.The purpose of this report is to describe arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis in the lateral decubitus position. Many technique descriptions for this procedure emphasize the beach-chair position to obtain optimal anterior subdeltoid visualization of the relevant anatomy. This is not required and may be less desirable or comfortable for a shoulder arthroscopist who prefers the lateral decubitus position. Therefore, the aim of this report is to show that the relevant anatomy may be readily and safely accessed, and the procedure effectively performed, in the lateral decubitus position. © 2019 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier.Knee arthroscopy has evolved greatly from its inception in the twentieth century. Of the many arthroscopic knee surgeries, meniscectomy is the most commonly performed. Arthroscopic meniscectomy is the most common orthopaedic surgical procedure performed in the United States. We continue to develop more minimally invasive procedures, and the NanoScope has provided a new generation of possibilities. The system does not require the use of a standard incision or portal, and with the use of nanoinstruments, we can perform treatments as well as diagnostic arthroscopy without incisions. This technique provides an updated incisionless option to perform a partial medial meniscectomy. © 2019 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier.Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in ligament preservation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) that has the advantage of preserving the native tissue and maintaining proprioceptive function. Studies reporting outcomes of remnant-preserving ACL surgery have shown encouraging results with a higher potential for early healing and better functional outcomes compared with remnant-resecting surgery. Over the past decade, several surgical techniques for remnant preservation of the ACL have been proposed. In this technical note, the technique of primary ACL repair with graft augmentation is described. The goal of this technique is to preserve and tension the native tissue, thereby restoring the anatomy as much as possible while avoiding cyclops lesions, whereas the additional graft provides strength to the repaired ligament. © 2020 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier.